The use of scanned signatures (image-based signatures) in electronic documents has become increasingly common in commercial transactions and contractual relationships. However, this practice raises several legal issues, including whether a scanned signature is equivalent to an electronic signature under current law; whether a contract may be declared invalid when the signature is suspected to be […]
INTRODUCTION In credit-granting activities, particularly for loans financing construction projects, housing purchases, machinery and equipment acquisition, or production expansion, banks are often required to accept future-formed property as collateral. This type of property does not yet exist at the time of contract execution or has not yet come under the ownership of the borrower, but […]
I. INTRODUCTION Corporate consolidation activities—such as mergers, acquisitions (absorptions), and other forms of corporate reorganization (division, separation, conversion)—serve as important tools for business restructuring, resource optimization, and expansion of scale. A fundamental and highly practical legal question arises: when a company is merged or acquired, do the debts and obligations of the merged or acquired […]
I. INTRODUCTION In credit transactions, banks commonly use standard form contracts to standardize procedures, reduce costs, and manage risks. However, when the drafting party holds a significantly stronger bargaining position—as is typically the case with banks—such standard contracts may contain unilateral or imposed clauses that weaken the borrower’s rights. The key legal issue is: Where […]
Minh bạch là một trong những nguyên tắc cốt lõi của quản lý nhà nước hiện đại; nó bảo đảm công bằng, tăng tính dự đoán và giảm tham nhũng trong hoạt động hành chính. Trong thực tiễn, khi một quyết định hành chính (QĐHC) “thiếu minh bạch” — biểu hiện ở việc cơ quan […]
Vấn đề bồi thường khi Nhà nước thu hồi đất luôn là chủ đề pháp lý và xã hội trọng yếu. Ở Việt Nam, còn nhiều trường hợp hộ gia đình, cá nhân đang sử dụng đất nhưng chưa được cấp Giấy chứng nhận quyền sử dụng đất (GCN, thường gọi là “sổ đỏ”) do […]