I. INTRODUCTION In a market economy, commercial activities take place dynamically with the participation of various entities for profit-making purposes. Commercial relationships are primarily established through contracts; however, not all damages arising in the course of business originate from contractual breaches. In practice, liability may arise from the non-performance or improper performance of agreed obligations, […]
I. Introduction In the context of digital transformation and the rapid development of the data economy, personal data has become a crucial resource for business activities. Technology companies, e-commerce platforms, financial institutions, and digital media enterprises all rely on the collection, analysis, and exploitation of personal data to generate commercial value, optimize business operations, and […]
Introduction The rapid development of digital technology is transforming the methods by which traditional civil transactions are established and performed. Whereas an individual’s intent was previously expressed primarily through written documents or direct oral statements, electronic transactions, digital signatures, and online authentication have now become increasingly common in socio-economic life. In this context, a new […]
Introduction In recent years, the real estate business model involving the sale of off-plan housing (housing to be formed in the future) has become a common capital-raising method for property developers in Vietnam. Homebuyers often pay a substantial portion of the contract value before construction is completed, or even before construction has commenced. While this […]
The fact that Vietnam has abolished the death penalty for 8 crimes marks a significant development in the country’s criminal justice policy. This reform reflects a trend toward humanizing criminal law while maintaining strict measures against especially serious offenses. Below is a comprehensive legal analysis of the statutory basis, the specific crimes affected, and the […]
Food processing contracts constitute an important legal instrument governing cooperation between ordering parties and processors in the food production sector. Given the direct impact of food products on public health and consumer safety, Vietnamese law imposes both general civil law requirements and specific food safety obligations on such contracts. This section examines the legal conditions […]