When living, working, or investing in Vietnam, many foreigners may need to establish a will to ensure their assets are distributed according to their wishes. Vietnamese law allows foreigners to make a will, but the process must comply with the country’s legal framework, particularly the Civil Code and relevant regulations on inheritance. Understanding the requirements, […]
Investment protection is a fundamental aspect of international investment law, ensuring that foreign investors and their assets are safeguarded from political risks in the host state. Investment treaties commonly establish several treatment standards that host states must adhere to when dealing with foreign investors. These principles are broadly categorized into absolute protection standards (such as […]
The bona fide (good faith) principle is a cornerstone of international law, influencing various legal instruments, treaty interpretations, and arbitration proceedings. It serves as a fundamental guideline ensuring fairness, honesty, and reciprocity in legal relations. This article explores the role of the bona fide principle in international investment law, its application in arbitration, and its […]
I. The Context of Climate Change Climate change and its consequences have become one of the most pressing global challenges. In recent years, the world has been facing increasingly severe climate change impacts, with extreme weather events occurring at an unprecedented scale. These events, such as rising global temperatures, typhoons, floods, and prolonged droughts, not […]
1. What is Custom and International Customary Law? 1.1. Custom Custom refers to social norms that coexist with other social rules, such as laws, ethics, and religious beliefs, to regulate human behavior in social interactions. As a social norm, custom plays a crucial role in governing social relationships, particularly in civil relations. According to Article […]
1. Introduction Judicial immunity is a fundamental principle in international law that exempts sovereign states from the jurisdiction of foreign courts. This doctrine is rooted in the principles of state sovereignty and equality, ensuring that no state is subject to the legal authority of another without consent. Over time, judicial immunity has evolved from absolute […]