The use of scanned signatures (image-based signatures) in electronic documents has become increasingly common in commercial transactions and contractual relationships. However, this practice raises several legal issues, including whether a scanned signature is equivalent to an electronic signature under current law; whether a contract may be declared invalid when the signature is suspected to be […]
INTRODUCTION In credit-granting activities, particularly for loans financing construction projects, housing purchases, machinery and equipment acquisition, or production expansion, banks are often required to accept future-formed property as collateral. This type of property does not yet exist at the time of contract execution or has not yet come under the ownership of the borrower, but […]
I. INTRODUCTION Corporate consolidation activities—such as mergers, acquisitions (absorptions), and other forms of corporate reorganization (division, separation, conversion)—serve as important tools for business restructuring, resource optimization, and expansion of scale. A fundamental and highly practical legal question arises: when a company is merged or acquired, do the debts and obligations of the merged or acquired […]
I. INTRODUCTION In credit transactions, banks commonly use standard form contracts to standardize procedures, reduce costs, and manage risks. However, when the drafting party holds a significantly stronger bargaining position—as is typically the case with banks—such standard contracts may contain unilateral or imposed clauses that weaken the borrower’s rights. The key legal issue is: Where […]
According to Article 20 of the 2019 Labor Code, employment contracts must be entered into in one of the following forms: Provisions Regarding Contract Extension: Conditions for Extending a Contract: To validly extend an employment contract, the following conditions must be met: Employer’s Responsibilities Under Article 20 of the 2019 Labor Code, if an employer […]
This document provides an overview of key legal considerations when drafting a capital contribution agreement in Vietnam. The purpose is to clarify the legal nature of capital contribution, identify common types of capital contribution agreements, and highlight essential issues that parties must take into account to ensure legal compliance and mitigate transactional risks. Pursuant to […]