I. Introduction In the context of digital transformation and the rapid development of the data economy, personal data has become a crucial resource for business activities. Technology companies, e-commerce platforms, financial institutions, and digital media enterprises all rely on the collection, analysis, and exploitation of personal data to generate commercial value, optimize business operations, and […]
INTRODUCTION In credit-granting activities, particularly for loans financing construction projects, housing purchases, machinery and equipment acquisition, or production expansion, banks are often required to accept future-formed property as collateral. This type of property does not yet exist at the time of contract execution or has not yet come under the ownership of the borrower, but […]
In credit activities, land use rights are the most common form of collateral. However, agricultural land has a limited term of use (20 years, 50 years depending on purpose). As a result, many disputes arise regarding cases where the collateral is agricultural land whose term of use has expired as stated in the Land Use […]